Rainbow Sharks are native to the Mekong, Xe Bangfai, Chao Phraya and Maeklong basins of Southeast Asia, and live in sandy substrates at the bottom of the river.
They are aquarium surface and tank bottom cleaners, consuming algae and leftover fish food. They can be aggressive with one another if kept in the same tank and a they will chase smaller fish from their territory; especially when kept in smaller tanks. They are more suitable for a large tank to give them enough room to swim around and minimise terrorising other fish.